[!TIP|label:references]

see also: iMarlso: tools

helm

$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/main/scripts/get-helm-3 | bash
Downloading https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.15.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz
Verifying checksum... Done.
Preparing to install helm into /usr/local/bin
helm installed into /usr/local/bin/helm

CNI

calico

$ kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.28.1/manifests/tigera-operator.yaml
$ kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.28.1/manifests/custom-resources.yaml

# verify
$ kubectl get pods -n calico-system

calico tools

[!NOTE|label:references:]

install calicoctl

# calicoctl
$ curl -L https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.28.1/calicoctl-linux-amd64 -o calicoctl
$ chmod +x calicoctl
$ sudo mv calicoctl /usr/local/bin/

# kubectl-calico
$ curl -L https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.28.1/calicoctl-linux-amd64 -o kubectl-calico
$ chmod +x kubectl-calico
$ sudo mv kubectl-calico /usr/local/bin/

flannel

[!NOTE|label:references:]

#2695 dial tcp 10.96.0.1:443 timeout

k8s安装插件出现dial tcp 10.96.0.1:443: i/o timeout问题解析

kube-flannel.yml

Kubernetes / Flannel – Failed to list *v1.Service

$ cat /run/flannel/subnet.env

$ kubectl get nodes k8s-node-01 -o jsonpath='{.spec.podCIDR}'

modify

$ kubectl edit cm -n kube-system kube-flannel-cfg
net-conf.json: |
     {
       "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
       "Backend": {
         "Type": "vxlan"
       }
     }

check

$ kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[*].spec.podCIDR}'

# e.g.: flannel
$ kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[*].spec.podCIDR}'
10.244.21.0/24 10.244.4.0/24 10.244.1.0/24 10.244.10.0/24 10.244.20.0/24 10.244.7.0/24 10.244.5.0/24 10.244.17.0/24 10.244.3.0/24 10.244.0.0/24 10.244.6.0/24 10.244.12.0/24 10.244.13.0/24 10.244.16.0/24 10.244.15.0/24

ingress

[!NOTE|label:references:]

入门级实操教程！从概念到部署，全方位了解 K8S Ingress

k8s指南-Ingress

ingress-nginx

$ helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
$ helm upgrade --install ingress-nginx ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx --namespace ingress-nginx --create-namespace

# or
$ helm upgrade --install ingress-nginx ingress-nginx \
       --repo https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx \
       --namespace ingress-nginx --create-namespace

# check value
$ helm show values ingress-nginx --repo https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx

monitoring

metrics-server

$ helm repo add metrics-server https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/metrics-server/
$ helm upgrade --install metrics-server metrics-server/metrics-server --namespace monitoring --create-namespace

# without tls: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/issues/1221
$ helm upgrade metrics-server metrics-server/metrics-server --set args="{--kubelet-insecure-tls}" --namespace monitoring

kubernetes-dashboard

[!NOTE|label:references:]

Configure Kubernetes Dashboard Web UI hosted with Nginx Ingress Controller

Enabling Kubernetes Dashboard over HTTPS with RBAC Authorization

Admin User

Cluster Admin User

Ready-only User

Access via kubeconfig

# add kubernetes-dashboard repository
$ helm repo add kubernetes-dashboard https://kubernetes.github.io/dashboard/

# deploy a Helm Release named "kubernetes-dashboard" using the kubernetes-dashboard chart
$ helm upgrade --install kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard --create-namespace --namespace kubernetes-dashboard

ingress for kubernetes-dashboard

# v7.x
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: monitoring
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-backends: "true"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - sms-k8s-dashboard.sample.com
    secretName: sample-tls
  rules:
    - host: sms-k8s-dashboard.sample.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            service:
              name: kubernetes-dashboard-kong-proxy
              port:
                number: 443
          pathType: Prefix

older version

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-backends: "true"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - sms-k8s-dashboard.sample.com
    secretName: sample-tls
  rules:
    - host: sms-k8s-dashboard.sample.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            service:
              # or kubernetes-dashboard-kong-proxy for latest version
              name: kubernetes-dashboard
              port:
                number: 443
          pathType: Prefix

RBAC

create admin user for kubernetes-dashboard

[!NOTE|label:references:]

Creating sample user

using ClusterRole : cluster-admin for kubernetes-dashboard-admin

Kubernetes - Dashboard 配置用户名密码方式登录

create ServiceAccount in namespace

$ kubectl -n monitoring create serviceaccount kubernetes-dashboard-admin

create ClusterRoleBinding for ServiceAccount

$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubernetes-dashboard-admin \
          --clusterrole=cluster-admin \                              # default ClusterRole
          --serviceaccount=monitoring:kubernetes-dashboard-admin     # service account

$ kubectl get clusterrolebinding kubernetes-dashboard-admin -o yaml | grep -v -E 'uid:|resourceVersion:|creationTimestamp:'
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
  namespace: monitoring

generate token

# admin
$ kubectl -n monitoring create token kubernetes-dashboard-admin

# normal user
$ kubectl -n monitoring create token kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper

manually create a long-lived api token for a serviceaccount

$ kubectl -n monitoring apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token
  namespace: monitoring
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin
type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
EOF

# get token by service account
$ kubectl -n monitoring get secrets -o jsonpath="{.items[?(@.metadata.annotations['kubernetes\.io/service-account\.name']=='kubernetes-dashboard-admin')].data.token}" | base64 -d
# or
$ kubectl -n monitoring get secrets -o jsonpath="{.items[?(@.metadata.annotations.kubernetes\.io/service-account\.name=='kubernetes-dashboard-admin')].data.token}" | base64 -d

# or get token by describe token
$ kubectl -n monitoring describe secrets $(kubectl -n monitoring get secret | grep kubernetes-dashboard-admin | awk '{print $1}') | grep 'token' | awk '{print $2}'

or modify ClusterRole kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper manually

manual modify ClusterRole

[!TIP] for v7.x

clusterrole: kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    meta.helm.sh/release-name: kubernetes-dashboard
    meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: kubernetes-dashboard
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kubernetes-dashboard
    helm.sh/chart: kubernetes-dashboard-7.5.0
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - '*'
  resources:
  - '*'
  verbs:
  - '*'

original

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  annotations:
    meta.helm.sh/release-name: kubernetes-dashboard
    meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: kubernetes-dashboard
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kubernetes-dashboard
    helm.sh/chart: kubernetes-dashboard-7.5.0
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - metrics.k8s.io
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch

clusterrolebinding: kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    meta.helm.sh/release-name: kubernetes-dashboard
    meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: kubernetes-dashboard
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kubernetes-dashboard
    helm.sh/chart: kubernetes-dashboard-7.5.0
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: monitoring

serviceaccount: kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  annotations:
    meta.helm.sh/release-name: kubernetes-dashboard
    meta.helm.sh/release-namespace: monitoring
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: kubernetes-dashboard
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: kubernetes-dashboard
    helm.sh/chart: kubernetes-dashboard-7.5.0
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: monitoring

generate token

$ kubectl -n monitoring create token kubernetes-dashboard-metrics-scraper
ey**********************WAA

older version

older version

clusterrole

$ kubectl get clusterrole kubernetes-dashboard -o yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - '*'
  resources:
  - '*'
  verbs:
  - '*'

clusterrolebinding

$ kubectl -n kube-system get clusterrolebindings kubernetes-dashboard -o yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

serviceaccount

$ kubectl -n kube-system get sa kubernetes-dashboard -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

generate token

$ kubectl -n kube-system create token kubernetes-dashboard
ey**********************WAA

prometheus stack

[!NOTE|label:references:]

assign different port for node-exporter in kube-prometheus-stack

Prometheus+Grafana监控K8S集群(基于K8S环境部署)

Grafana dashboard best practices:

* iMarslo: grafana dashboard

cluster level: 13332、13824、14518

$ helm repo add prometheus-stack https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts
"prometheus-stack" has been added to your repositories

$ helm upgrade --install prometheus-stack prometheus-stack/kube-prometheus-stack --namespace monitoring

# if node-exporter has been deployed by kubespary, assign another port for kube-prometheus-stack
$ helm upgrade --install prometheus-stack prometheus-stack/kube-prometheus-stack \
               --namespace monitoring \
               --set prometheus-node-exporter.service.port=9200
Release "prometheus-stack" has been upgraded. Happy Helming!
NAME: prometheus-stack
LAST DEPLOYED: Tue Sep 10 22:53:40 2024
NAMESPACE: monitoring
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 2
NOTES:
kube-prometheus-stack has been installed. Check its status by running:
  kubectl --namespace monitoring get pods -l "release=prometheus-stack"

Visit https://github.com/prometheus-operator/kube-prometheus for instructions on how to create & configure Alertmanager and Prometheus instances using the Operator.

ingress

grafana

[!NOTE|label:references]

#1748 - Expose Grafana with Ingress

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: prometheus-stack-grafana
  namespace: monitoring
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/secure-backends: "true"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - sms-k8s-grafana.sample.com
    secretName: sample-tls
  rules:
    - host: sms-k8s-grafana.sample.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            service:
              name: prometheus-stack-grafana
              port:
                number: 80
          pathType: Prefix

prometheus

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitoring
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - sms-k8s-prometheus.marvell.com
    secretName: marvell-tls
  rules:
    - host: sms-k8s-prometheus.marvell.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            service:
              name: prometheus-stack-kube-prom-prometheus
              port:
                number: 9090
          pathType: Prefix

alertmanager

---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: monitoring
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - sms-k8s-alertmgr.marvell.com
    secretName: marvell-tls
  rules:
    - host: sms-k8s-alertmgr.marvell.com
      http:
        paths:
        - path: /
          backend:
            service:
              name: prometheus-stack-kube-prom-alertmanager
              port:
                number: 9093
          pathType: Prefix

admin account for grafana

# account
$ kubectl get secret --namespace monitoring prometheus-stack-grafana -o jsh='{.data.admin-user}' | base64 -d; echo

# password
$ kubectl get secret --namespace monitoring prometheus-stack-grafana -o jsonpath='{.data.admin-password}' | base64 -d; echo

grafana

$ helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts
$ helm repo list
NAME                    URL
kubernetes-dashboard    https://kubernetes.github.io/dashboard/
ingress-nginx           https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
grafana                 https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts

$ helm repo update
$ helm search repo grafana/grafana

$ helm install grafana grafana/grafana --namespace monitoring --create-namespace

tls

import tls

$ sudo kubectl -n kube-system create secret tls sample-tls --cert star_sample_com.full.crt --key star_sample_com.key --dry-run=client -o yaml > kube-system.sample-tls.yaml

copy tls

$ kubectl --namespace=kube-system get secrets sample-tls -o yaml | grep -v '^\s*namespace:\s' | kubectl apply --namespace=monitoring -f -
secret/sample-tls created

$ kubectl --namespace=kube-system get secrets sample-tls -o yaml | grep -v '^\s*namespace:\s' | kubectl apply --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard -f -
secret/sample-tls created

$ kubectl --namespace=kube-system get secrets sample-tls -o yaml | grep -v '^\s*namespace:\s' | kubectl apply --namespace=ingress-nginx -f -
secret/sample-tls created

$ kubectl --namespace=kube-system get secrets sample-tls -o yaml | grep -v '^\s*namespace:\s' | kubectl apply --namespace=default -f -
secret/sample-tls created

addons

helm

CNI

calico

flannel

ingress

ingress-nginx

monitoring

metrics-server

kubernetes-dashboard

ingress for kubernetes-dashboard

RBAC

create admin user for kubernetes-dashboard

prometheus stack

ingress

admin account for grafana

grafana

tls

import tls

copy tls

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