installation
environment variables
- PYTHONNOUSERSITE — user site-packages toggle
config in osx
version change
extension
- clear windows
python IDLE in MacOS Big Sure
- IDLE quit unexpectedly
- Python may not be configured for Tk
venv

reference:

homebrew and python

Installing from local packages

pip list

installation

command completion

$ python -m pip completion --bash >> ~/.bashrc

# or
$ python -m pip completion --bash >> ~/.profile

# or
$ eval "$(pip completion --bash)"

with pyenv

# install pyenv
$ curl https://pyenv.run | bash
# or
$ git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
# or
$ brew install pyenv

# setup environment
# -- ~/.bash_profile -- #
test -d "${HOME}/.pyenv"  && export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
test -d "$PYENV_ROOT/bin" && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
type -P pyenv >/dev/null  && eval "$(pyenv init - bash)"

# install python
$ pyenv install 3.12.11
$ pyenv global 3.12.11

# pip/pipx
$ python -m pip install --upgrade pip pipx
$ python -m pipx ensurepath

# -- others -- #
$ pyenv install --list
$ pyenv versions

using in local or shell

# local
$ pyenv local 3.10.14
# shell
$ pyenv shell 3.10.14

# install modules with pipx
$ pipx install --python "$(pyenv which python)" --suffix=@3.10 pre-commit

# using poetry with pyenv
$ poetry env use "$(pyenv which python)"
$ poetry install
# execute
$ poetry run python -m cli.crm --help

using system python version

$ mkdir -p ~/.pyenv/versions/system-3.11/bin
$ ln -sf /bin/python3.11 ~/.pyenv/versions/system-3.11/bin/python
$ ln -sf /bin/python3.11 ~/.pyenv/versions/system-3.11/bin/python3
$ ln -sf /bin/python3.11 ~/.pyenv/versions/system-3.11/bin/python3.11

# switch to system python
$ pyenv rehash
$ pyenv global system-3.11

# check
$ pyenv which python
$ pyenv which python3
$ pyenv which python3.11

install from source code

[!NOTE|label:references:]

* Python Developer's Guide: Compile and build

* Python Developer's Guide: Install dependencies

Python 3.3 source code setup: modules were not found: _lzma _sqlite3 _tkinter

Building python from source on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal Fossa

How to Install Python 3 on Ubuntu 20.04 or 22.04

How to Install Python 3.8 on CentOS 8

basic environment prepare

# centos
$ sudo dnf groupinstall 'development tools'
$ sudo dnf install gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel \
$ sudo dnf install expat-devel gdbm-devel ncurses-devel \
                   readline-devel sqlite-devel tk-devel xz-devel zlib-devel

# ubuntu
$ sudo apt install build-essential checkinstall pkg-config \
                   libexpat1-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev \
                   libreadline8 libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev \
                   tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev \
                   libnss3-dev zlib1g-dev

download source code

$ curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.3/Python-3.8.3.tgz
$ tar xzf Python-3.8.3.tgz

# or
$ PYTHON_VERSION='3.12.2'
$ curl -fsSL https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tgz |
  tar xzf - -C /opt/python &&
  cd /opt/python/Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}

compile and install

[!NOTE|label:references:]
How to build your own Python version
docker-library/python/Dockerfile
# debian
gnuArch="$(dpkg-architecture --query DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE)"
* 3. Configure Python

3.3.7. Linker options

--enable-shared

--without-static-libpython

Shared libraries in macOS and Linux

DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH in osx

LD_LIBRARY_PATH in linux

Search Path Used by Windows to Locate a DLL)

$ ./configure --enable-optimizations \
              --enable-shared \                 # or export PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--enable-shared"
              --with-lto \
              --with-system-expat \
              --with-ensurepip \
              --with-openssl=/usr/lib/ssl
$ sudo make -j "$(nproc)"
$ sudo make install

$ export PYTHON_HOME='/opt/python/Python-3.12.2'
# for libpython3.12.so.1.0
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PYTHON_HOME:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# check
$ which -a python3.12
/usr/local/bin/python3.12
$ python3 --version
Python 3.12.2

# upgrade pip
$ sudo -H /usr/local/bin/python3.12 -m pip install --upgrade pip

python3.8.3

$ cd Python-3.8.3
$ sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations
$ sudo make -j 12
$ sudo make altinstall

linker cache

[!NOTE|label:references:]
Python3.7: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.7m.so.1.0
$ sudo ldconfig -v
$ sudo ldconfig /usr/local/lib

$ sudo ldconfig -v | grep python
        libpython3.so -> libpython3.so
        libpython3.6m.so.1.0 -> libpython3.6m.so.1.0

$ sudo ldconfig -v /opt/python/Python-3.12.2 | grep python
/opt/python/Python-3.12.2: (from <cmdline>:0)
        libpython3.so -> libpython3.so
        libpython3.12.so.1.0 -> libpython3.12.so.1.0
        libpython3.so -> libpython3.so
        libpython3.6m.so.1.0 -> libpython3.6m.so.1.0

setup

$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/local/bin/python3.8 99

upgrade in osx

homebrew

[!NOTE|label:references:] verify dependents → rebuild → remove the old python

# who still depends on the old python
$ brew uses --installed python@3.14

# rebuild/re-bind to the new python
$ brew reinstall <formula1> <formula2> ...

# re-verify until empty
$ brew uses --installed python@3.14              # goal: empty or just python-tk@3.14

# drop companion packages + the old python
$ brew uninstall python-tk@3.14
$ brew autoremove
$ brew uninstall python@3.14

pipx

[!NOTE|label:No module named pip on upgrade[-all]] pipx creates each app venv with --without-pip and shares pip/setuptools from a single venv (~/.local/pipx/shared), wired into every app venv via a pipx_shared.pth file. After a Python minor bump the shared venv is rebuilt under the new pythonX.Y, yet any app venv whose interpreter still runs keeps its old .pth (e.g. still pointing at the now-deleted .../shared/lib/python3.14/site-packages) → pipx upgrade[-all] then fails with No module named pip. Note only reinstall-all rewrites that .pth:

pipx repair — rebuilds only venvs whose interpreter cannot run, so it skips these.

pipx upgrade-shared — rebuilds the shared venv only; it does not touch the app .pth.

pipx reinstall-all — recreates every app venv, writing a fresh .pth on the new python.

# upgrade packages with new python
$ pipx reinstall-all --python python3.15

# the shared venv's interpreter is invalid → pipx rebuilds it on the new python
$ pipx repair --python python3.15
$ pipx upgrade-shared
$ command cat ~/.local/pipx/shared/pyvenv.cfg | grep -E '^(home|version)'   # should show the new minor

# detect: app venvs whose shared .pth points to a now-missing pythonX.Y dir (exactly the ones that fail `pipx upgrade[-all]` with "No module named pip")
$ for f in ~/.local/pipx/venvs/*/lib/python*/site-packages/pipx_shared.pth; do
    d=$(command cat "$f"); [[ -d "$d" ]] || printf '%s -> %s (MISSING)\n' "$f" "$d";
  done
# ── or ───
$ cd "${HOME}/.local/pipx/venvs"
$ for v in commitizen pylint pdf2docx typos ansible poetry thonny pdfminer-six pre-commit terminal-colors; do
    for pth in "${v}"/lib/python*/site-packages/pipx_shared.pth; do
      if [[ -f "${pth}" ]]; then
        target=$(command cat "${pth}")
        [[ -d "${target}" ]] && status=OK || status=MISSING
        printf '%-16s -> %s  [%s]\n' "${v}" "${target}" "${status}"
      else
        printf '%-16s -> (no pipx_shared.pth)\n' "${v}"
      fi
    done
  done

# fix
# rewrites the .pth with reinstall-all
$ pipx reinstall-all --python python3.15
# ── or ──
$ new=$(basename ~/.local/pipx/shared/lib/python3.*)          # e.g. python3.15
$ for f in ~/.local/pipx/venvs/*/lib/python*/site-packages/pipx_shared.pth; do
    sed -i '' -E "s#(/shared/lib/)python3\.[0-9]+#\1${new}#" "$f";
  done

pip

# snapshot in older python
$ python3.14 -m pip list --user --format=freeze > ~/py-user-pkgs.txt

# re-install in new python and upgrade pip
$ python3.15 -m pip install --user -r ~/py-user-pkgs.txt
$ python3.15 -m pip install --user --upgrade pip

environment variables

[!NOTE|label:references:]
1.2. Environment variables
show details:
$ python --help-env
$ $ python --help-xoptions

VARIABLE	DESCRIPTION	OPTIONS
`PYTHONHOME`	set the location of the standard Python libraries	`<prefix>/lib/pythonX.Y`
`PYTHONPATH`	':'-separated list of directories prefixed to the default module search path	-
`PYTHONSAFEPATH`	don't prepend a potentially unsafe path to sys.path	-
`PYTHONSTARTUP`	file executed on interactive startup	-
`PYTHONPLATLIBDIR`	override `sys.platlibdir`	-
`PYTHONOPTIMIZE`	enable level 1 optimizations	`-O`
`PYTHONDEBUG`	enable parser debug mode	`-d`
`PYTHONINSPECT`	inspect interactively after running script	`-i`
`PYTHONUNBUFFERED`	disable stdout/stderr buffering	`-u`
`PYTHONVERBOSE`	trace import statements	`-v`
`PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE`	don't write .pyc files	`-B`
`PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX`	root directory for bytecode cache (pyc) files	`-X pycache_prefix`
`PYTHONIOENCODING`	encoding[:errors] used for stdin/stdout/stderr	-
`PYTHONNOUSERSITE`	disable user site directory	`-s`
`PYTHONUSERBASE`	defines the user base directory	`site.USER_BASE`
`PYTHONWARNINGS`	warning control	`-W`
`PYTHONDEVMODE`	enable Python Development Mode	`-X dev`
`PYTHONUTF8`	control the UTF-8 mode	`-X utf8` `1`: enable; `0`: disable
`PYTHON_COLORS`	enable/disable colored output in the interpreter	`1`: enable; `0`: disable
`PYTHONCASEOK`	ignore case in 'import' statements (Windows)	-
`PYTHON_BASIC_REPL`	use the traditional parser-based REPL	-

`PYTHONDUMPREFS`	dump objects and reference counts after shutting down the interpreter	-
`PYTHONBREAKPOINT`	disables the default debugger if set to `0`	`0`: disable
`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER`	dump the Python traceback on fatal errors	`-X faulthandler`
`PYTHONASYNCIODEBUG`	enable asyncio debug mode	-
`PYTHON_CPU_COUNT`	override the return value of `os.cpu_count()`	`-X cpu_count=N`;`-X cpu_count=default`: cancels overriding

`PYTHONNOUSERSITE` — user site-packages toggle

Controls whether the per-user site-packages directory (PEP 370) is added to sys.path at interpreter startup. Equivalent CLI switch: python -s.

`PYTHONNOUSERSITE` value	`site.ENABLE_USER_SITE`	Effect on `sys.path`
unset, empty string, or any value that parses to the integer `0` (`0`, `00`, `000`, `+0`, `-0`, leading-whitespace `␣0`)	`True` (default)	user site-packages retained
any other value — nonzero integer (`1`, `-1`), non-numeric token (`false`, `true`, `x`), or non-integer literal (`0.0`, `0x0`, trailing-whitespace `0␣`)	`False`	user site-packages excluded

[!NOTE] The value is evaluated by CPython's _Py_str_to_int (base-10 integer parse):

a successful parse to 0 leaves the feature untouched; a nonzero result

a parse failure is coerced to 1, which disables the user scheme. Counterintuitively, PYTHONNOUSERSITE=false disables it while PYTHONNOUSERSITE=0 does not.
Guidance: use PYTHONNOUSERSITE=1 to disable; simply leave it unset to keep the default. Do not rely on =0 to "enable" — it reads like an off-switch.

config in osx

`pip.conf`

pip.conf load priority - OVERRIDE_ORDER
command line > environment variable > site config file > user config file > global config file
OVERRIDE_ORDER = kinds.GLOBAL, kinds.USER, kinds.SITE, kinds.ENV, kinds.ENV_VAR       # the latter covers the former
check more details in pip » config
references:

pip config file

# list config
$ pip config list [-v]
global.index-url='https://artifactory.sample.com/artifactory/api/pypi/tools/simple'

# details
$ pip config list -v
For variant 'global', will try loading '/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.config/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'site', will try loading '/usr/local/opt/python@3.10/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/pip.conf'
global.extra-index-url='https://artifactory.sample.com/artifactory/api/pypi/myPrivate'
global.index-url='https://artifactory.sample.com/artifactory/api/pypi/pypi/simple'

$ pip config debug [-vvv]

PIP_CONF_FILE

$ export PIP_CONFIG_FILE=/path/to/pip.conf

upgrade all outdated modules

$ pip install --upgrade --user $(pip list --outdated | sed 1,2d | awk '{print $1}' | xargs)

# with exclude
$ pip3.9 install --upgrade --user $(pip3.9 list --outdated | sed 1,2d | awk '{print $1}' | grep -vw 'docker\|rich')

index-url

[global]
timeout = 60
index-url = https://download.zope.org/ppix

per-command section

[global]
timeout = 60

[freeze]
timeout = 10

boolean options

[install]
ignore-installed = true
no-dependencies = yes

add

[global]
no-cache-dir = false

[install]
no-compile = no
no-warn-script-location = false

repeatable options
```
[global]
quiet = 0
verbose = 2
```

format: on multiple lines

[global]
find-links =
    http://download.example.com

[install]
find-links =
    http://mirror1.example.com
    http://mirror2.example.com

trusted-host =
    mirror1.example.com
    mirror2.example.com

list python path

$ python -vv -c "import sys; print sys.path"
$ python -vvE -c "import sys; print sys.path"
$ python -vvEsS -c "import sys; print sys.path"

python site

macos

# -- HOMEBREW_PREFIX --
$ echo "$(brew --prefix)"
/opt/homebrew

$ python3 -c "import site; print (site.getsitepackages())"
['/opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.13/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/site-packages']

$ python3 -c "import site; print (site.getusersitepackages())"
/Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.13/lib/python/site-packages

$ readlink /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.13/lib/python/site-packages

$ readlink -f /opt/homebrew/opt/python@3.13/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.13/lib/python3.13/site-packages
/opt/homebrew/lib/python3.13/site-packages

python libs

MacOS

global

$ ls -1d "$(brew --prefix)"/lib/python*/
/opt/homebrew/lib/python3.11/
/opt/homebrew/lib/python3.12/
/opt/homebrew/lib/python3.13/
/opt/homebrew/lib/python3.9/

local

$ ls -ld ~/Library/Python/*/
drwx------ 4 marslo staff 128 Aug  6 17:23 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/2.7/
drwx------ 5 marslo staff 160 Oct 12 21:17 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.7/
drwx------ 5 marslo staff 160 Oct 27 19:24 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.8/
drwx------ 5 marslo staff 160 Oct 27 19:24 /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.9/

# example
$ /usr/bin/python -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)'
/Users/marslo/Library/Python/2.7

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.9 -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)'
/Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.9

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -c 'import sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_paths()["purelib"])'
/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages

linux

references:

How do I find the location of my Python site-packages directory

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -m site --user-site
/home/marslo/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.6 -c 'import site; print(site.getsitepackages())'
['/usr/local/lib64/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages', '/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages']

$ python3.6 -m site
sys.path = [
    '/home/marslo',
    '/usr/lib64/python36.zip',
    '/usr/lib64/python3.6',
    '/usr/lib64/python3.6/lib-dynload',
    '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
    '/usr/lib64/python3.6/site-packages',
    '/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
]
USER_BASE: '/home/marslo/.local' (exists)
USER_SITE: '/home/marslo/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages' (doesn't exist)
ENABLE_USER_SITE: True

# check particular lib
$ python -c "import os as _; print(_.__file__)"
/usr/lib64/python3.6/os.py

$ python -c "import setuptools as _; print(_.__path__)"
['/usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools']

multiple versions

get current working version

$ CFLAGS=-I$(brew --prefix)/include LDFLAGS=-L$(brew --prefix)/lib pip --version
pip 20.2.4 from /Users/marslo/Library/Python/3.8/lib/python/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

# or
$ $(brew --prefix)/opt/python/libexec/bin/python -V
Python 3.8.6

upgrade particular modules

$ sudo -H python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
  Using cached pip-20.2.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 20.2.3
    Uninstalling pip-20.2.3:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-20.2.3
Successfully installed pip-20.2.4

# upgrade to previous version
$ pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir --pre pip

install all older version modules

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.8 -m pip freeze > pip3.8-requirements.txt
$ sudo -H /usr/local/bin/python3.9 -m pip install --pre -r pip3.8-requirements.txt

# reference
$ CFLAGS=-I$(brew --prefix)/include LDFLAGS=-L$(brew --prefix)/lib pip freeze
beautifulsoup4==4.9.1
certifi==2020.6.20
cffi==1.14.1
chardet==3.0.4
click==7.1.2
click-config-file==0.6.0
colorama==0.4.3
...

# or
$ pip list --outdate --format=freeze
docker==4.2.2
rich==3.0.5

$ pip list -o --format columns
Package Version Latest Type
------- ------- ------ -----
docker  4.2.2   4.3.1  wheel
rich    3.0.5   9.1.0  whee

$ pip list --outdate --format=json
[{"name": "docker", "version": "4.2.2", "latest_version": "4.3.1", "latest_filetype": "wheel"}, {"name": "rich", "version": "3.0.5", "latest_version": "9.1.0", "latest_filetype": "wheel"}]

version change

change default python from 3.9 to 3.10

setup default python

# via `ln`
$ unlink /usr/local/opt/python
$ ln -sf /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4 /usr/local/opt/python

$ unlink /usr/local/bin/python
$ ln -sf /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4/bin/python3.10 /usr/local/bin/python3
$ ln -sf /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4/bin/python3.10 /usr/local/bin/python

$ export PYTHONUSERBASE="$(/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin/python -c 'import site; print(site.USER_BASE)')"
$ export PYTHON3='/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin'
$ export PATH="$PYTHONUSERBASE/bin:${PYTHON3}:$PATH"

# `brew link` - https://stackoverflow.com/a/61560541/2940319
$ brew link python3 python@3.10 --overwrite
# example
$ python3 --version
Python 3.9.13

$ brew link python3 python@3.10 --overwrite
Warning: Already linked: /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.13_1
To relink, run:
  brew unlink python@3.9 && brew link python@3.9
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4... 24 symlinks created.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH instead consider running:
  echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python@3.10/bin:$PATH"' >> /Users/marslo/.bash_profile

$ python3 --version
Python 3.10.4

# via `default` - https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask/issues/52128#issuecomment-424680522
$ defaults write com.apple.versioner.python Version 3.8
# get default version
$ defaults read com.apple.versioner.python Version
# example
$ defaults read com.apple.versioner.python Version
3.9

$ defaults write com.apple.versioner.python Version 3.10

$ defaults read com.apple.versioner.python Version
3.10

modules re-installation

$ /usr/local/bin/python3.9 -m pip freeze > pip3.9-requirements.txt
$ sudo -H /usr/local/bin/python3.10 -m pip install --pre -r pip3.9-requirements.txt

`PYTHONPATH`

$ export PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages"
    ⇣⇣
$ export PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages"

extension

clear windows

# download
$ curl -o /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/idlelib/ClearWindow.py https://bugs.python.org/file14303/ClearWindow.py

# configure
$ cat >> /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/idlelib/config-extensions.def < EOF

[ClearWindow]

enable=1
enable_editor=0
enable_shell=1
[ClearWindow_cfgBindings]
clear-window=<Command-Key-l>
EOF

python IDLE in MacOS Big Sure

`IDLE quit unexpectedly`

Process:               Python [53851]
Path:                  /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.9/3.9.1_5/IDLE 3.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Identifier:            org.python.IDLE
Version:               3.9.1 (3.9.1)
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        ??? [1]
Responsible:           Python [53851]
User ID:               501

Date/Time:             2021-01-10 15:20:06.574 +0800
OS Version:            macOS 11.1 (20C69)
Report Version:        12
Bridge OS Version:     5.1 (18P3030)
Anonymous UUID:        AB6EE819-0314-4161-9650-FFE340DF84C8

Application Specific Information:
abort() called
...

root cause

$ python
Python 3.9.1 (default, Jan  6 2021, 06:05:23)
[Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.28)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter as tk
>>> print(tk.Tcl().eval('info patchlevel'))
8.5.9
>>> exit()

using https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.1/python-3.9.1-macosx10.9.pkg

$ brew info tcl-tk | head -1
tcl-tk: stable 8.6.11 (bottled) [keg-only]

$ python
Python 3.9.1 (v3.9.1:1e5d33e9b9, Dec  7 2020, 12:10:52)
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> import tkinter as tk
>>> print(tk.Tcl().eval('info patchlevel'))
8.6.8

Python may not be configured for Tk

$ python
Python 3.10.4 (main, Apr 26 2022, 19:42:59) [Clang 13.1.6 (clang-1316.0.21.2)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tkinter as tk
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.4/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/python3.10/tkinter/__init__.py", line 37, in <module>
    import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_tkinter'

solution

$ brew info python@3.10
python@3.10: stable 3.10.4 (bottled) [keg-only]
... ...
tkinter is no longer included with this formula, but it is available separately:
  brew install python-tk@3.10
... ...

$ brew install python-tk@3.10
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/python-tk/3.10/manifests/3.10.4
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/python-tk/3.10/blobs/sha256:6a937be1fd531589ef7f9b4d971cb91ee7549d99f7f1aaf97f0fc3c0911f1c5d
==> Downloading from https://pkg-containers.githubusercontent.com/ghcr1/blobs/sha256:6a937be1fd531589ef7f9b4d971cb91ee7549d99f7f1aaf97f0fc3c0911f1c5d?s
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring python-tk@3.10--3.10.4.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
python-tk@3.10 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.

==> Summary
☕️ 🐸  /usr/local/Cellar/python-tk@3.10/3.10.4: 5 files, 132.6KB
==> Running `brew cleanup python-tk@3.10`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).

$ brew reinstall python@3.10
... ...

venv

[!NOTE|label:references:]

12. Virtual Environments and Packages | zh-cn

PS1

[!NOTE|label:references:]

How do I change the default virtualenv prompt?

Python venv module cannot add virtual environment name to PS1, when using PROMPT_COMMAND?

$ export VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1

$ function _venv_info() {
    local printf_format=' [%s]'
    local venv=''
    [[ $# -eq 1 ]] && printf_format="$1"
    [[ -n "${VIRTUAL_ENV}" ]] && venv="${VIRTUAL_ENV##*/}"
    if [[ -n "${venv}" ]]; then
      # shellcheck disable=SC2059
      printf -- "${printf_format}" "${venv}"
    fi
  }
# usage
$ _venv_info "--%s--"
--rmk--
$ _venv_info "(\033[38;5;6;3m%s\033[0m)"
(rmk)

# or using `PROMPT_COMMAND`
$ cat ~/.bashrc
# for venv info
function _venv_info() {
  local printf_format=' [%s]'
  local venv=''
  [[ $# -eq 1 ]] && printf_format="$1"
  [[ -n "${VIRTUAL_ENV}" ]] && venv="${VIRTUAL_ENV##*/}"
  if [[ -n "${venv}" ]]; then
    # shellcheck disable=SC2059
    printf -- "${printf_format}" "${venv}"
  fi
}

export VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1
COL_SD_PURPLE='\[\033[38;5;98;3m\]'
COL_SD_GREEN='\[\033[32;2m\]'
COL_NONE='\[\033[0m\]'
COL_DEFAULT="\[\033[38;5;240m\]"
COL_RESET='\[\033[1m\]'

PS1="\\n${COL_RESET}${COL_DEFAULT}(\\u@\\h${COL_RESET} \\w${COL_RESET}${COL_DEFAULT}) "
PS1+="\$(__git_ps1 \"- (${COL_SD_GREEN}%s${COL_NONE}${COL_DEFAULT}) \")"
PS1+="\$(_venv_info \"- (${COL_SD_PURPLE}%s${COL_NONE}${COL_DEFAULT}) \")"
PS1+="\\$ ${COL_NONE}"
export PS1

1.10.2.1.3 -- full ps1 with pyenv and `__git_ps1`

init and setup

[!NOTE|label:references:]

python3.11: venv — Creation of virtual environments | python3.11: venv --- 创建虚拟环境

PLATFORM SHELL HOW TO ACTIVATE

posix bash/zsh source <venv>/bin/activate

posix fish source <venv>/bin/activate.fish

posix csh/tcsh source <venv>/bin/activate.csh

posix PowerShell <venv>/Scripts/Activate.ps1

Windows cmd.exe <venv>\Scripts\activate.bat

Windows PowerShell <venv>\Scripts\Activate.ps1

vscode python venv - activate.ps1 is used instead of activate.bat | Make venv default terminal for Project in VSCode

PLATFORM	SHELL	HOW TO ACTIVATE
posix	bash/zsh	`source <venv>/bin/activate`
posix	fish	`source <venv>/bin/activate.fish`
posix	csh/tcsh	`source <venv>/bin/activate.csh`
posix	PowerShell	`<venv>/Scripts/Activate.ps1`
Windows	cmd.exe	`<venv>\Scripts\activate.bat`
Windows	PowerShell	`<venv>\Scripts\Activate.ps1`

# init
$ python3 -m venv ~/.venv/rmk

# enable
$ source ~/.venv/rmk/bin/activate

# disable
$ deactivate

tips for g:python3_host_prog in nvim

let g:python3_host_prog = expand( substitute(system('command -v python3'), '\n\+$', '', '') )

check status

$ pip config -v list
For variant 'global', will try loading '/Library/Application Support/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'user', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.config/pip/pip.conf'
For variant 'site', will try loading '/Users/marslo/.venv/rmk/pip.conf'

install packages

[!NOTE|label:references:]

Install packages in a virtual environment using pip and venv

config

installation

command completion

with pyenv

install from source code

upgrade in osx

homebrew

pipx

pip

environment variables

`PYTHONNOUSERSITE` — user site-packages toggle

config in osx

`pip.conf`

list python path

python site

python libs

MacOS

linux

multiple versions

get current working version

upgrade particular modules

install all older version modules

version change

setup default python

modules re-installation

`PYTHONPATH`

extension

clear windows

python IDLE in MacOS Big Sure

`IDLE quit unexpectedly`

Python may not be configured for Tk

venv

PS1

init and setup

install packages

results matching ""

No results matching ""

installation

command completion

with pyenv

install from source code

upgrade in osx

homebrew

pipx

pip

environment variables

PYTHONNOUSERSITE — user site-packages toggle

config in osx

pip.conf

list python path

python site

python libs

MacOS

linux

multiple versions

get current working version

upgrade particular modules

install all older version modules

version change

setup default python

modules re-installation

PYTHONPATH

extension

clear windows

python IDLE in MacOS Big Sure

IDLE quit unexpectedly

Python may not be configured for Tk

venv

PS1

init and setup

install packages

results matching ""

No results matching ""

`PYTHONNOUSERSITE` — user site-packages toggle

`pip.conf`

`PYTHONPATH`

`IDLE quit unexpectedly`