• conventional commits
  • commitlint
  • emoji
• tricky
  • help and path
  • hidden feature
  • quick edit gitconfig
  • create git patch
  • get current branch
  • get previous branch
  • quick push to current branch
  • remove warning: CRLF will be replaced by LF in xxx file for .gitattributes
  • create multiple commits
  • revision
  • git path
  • .gitattributes
  • who-am-i
  • find bug with bisect
  • view file at specific commit
  • edit .gitignore after committing
  • check file in which branch
  • check blob hash in which branch
• trailers
  • git config
  • generate trailers
  • show trailers
  • hook
• filter-repo
  • change commit email
  • seperate folder into new repo
  • rewrite the commit history
  • replace sensitive words in all files
  • cleanup repo
• others
  • case-sensitive repo in osx
  • disk size
  • how is git commit sha1 formed

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• 10.5 Git Internals - The Refspec

conventional commits

[!TIP|label:references:]

• * Conventional Commits
• @commitlint/config-conventional
• Commit Message Guidelines
• AngularJS Git Commit Message Conventions
• Add Choice [ chore, revert ] to question "Select the type of change you are committing" #36

docs(changelog): update changelog to beta.5

fix(release): need to depend on latest rxjs and zone.js

The version in our package.json gets copied to the one we publish, and users need the latest of these.

$ npm i -g @commitlint/config-conventional

# or
$ npm install -g @commitlint/cli @commitlint/config-conventional

commitlint

[!TIP|label:references:]

• commitlint
• commitlint configuration

// ~/.commitlintrc.js
// CommonJS Syntax (most common)
module.exports = {
  extends: ['@commitlint/config-conventional'],
  rules: {
    'header-max-length': [0],                   // disable the header-max-length rule
    'body-max-line-length': [0],                // disable the body-max-line-length rule
  }
};

for jira tickets

// .commitlintrc.disable-subject-case.js
module.exports = {
  extends: ['@commitlint/config-conventional'],
  rules: {
    'header-max-length': [0],                   // disable the header-max-length rule
    'body-max-line-length': [0],                // disable the body-max-line-length rule
    'subject-case': [0],                        // disable the subject-case rule
  },
};

emoji

tricky

help and path

$ git --info-path
/opt/homebrew/opt/git/share/info

$ git --html-path
/opt/homebrew/opt/git/share/doc/git-doc

$ git --man-path
/opt/homebrew/opt/git/share/man

git --list-cmds

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• git --list-cmds

  • porcelain (High-Level): Designed for humans - pretty output, but may changes between versions
  • plumbing (Low-Level): Designed for machines - stable output, but may be more difficult to use

• command-list.txt
• git-completion.bash

$ git --list-cmds=builtins
$ git --list-cmds=parseopt
$ git --list-cmds=deprecated
$ git --list-cmds=main
$ git --list-cmds=others
$ git --list-cmds=nohelpers
$ git --list-cmds=alias
$ git --list-cmds=config

# list-<category>
$ git --list-cmds=list-ancillaryinterrogators
$ git --list-cmds=list-ancillarymanipulators
$ git --list-cmds=list-developerinterfaces
$ git --list-cmds=list-foreignscminterface
$ git --list-cmds=list-guide
$ git --list-cmds=list-mainporcelain
$ git --list-cmds=list-plumbinginterrogators
$ git --list-cmds=list-plumbingmanipulators
$ git --list-cmds=list-purehelpers
$ git --list-cmds=list-synchelpers
$ git --list-cmds=list-synchingrepositories
$ git --list-cmds=list-userinterfaces

# i.e.:
$ git --list-cmds=list-guide
core-tutorial
credentials
cvs-migration
diffcore
everyday
faq
glossary
namespaces
remote-helpers
submodules
tutorial
tutorial-2
workflows

# and
$ git help tutorial-2
$ git help help

hidden feature

git var

$ git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
marslo <marslo.jiao@gmail.com> 1719963678 -0700

$ git var -l

git verify-commit

quick edit gitconfig

$ git config --edit --global

# quick replace config
$ git config --global --replace-all core.pager cat

create git patch

$ git diff --no-color HEAD^..HEAD > <name>.patch

# or
$ git format-patch HEAD^^           # create 3 patch files automatically
$ git format-patch -1 <revision>    # create 1 patch file only

get current branch

$ git branch
  sandbox/marslo
* master

• branch

  $ git branch --show-current
  
  # or
  $ git branch --show
  
  # or
  $ git branch | sed -ne 's:^\*\s*\(.*\)$:\1:p'
  master
  

• symbolic-ref

  $ git symbolic-ref --short HEAD
  master
  
  $ git symbolic-ref HEAD
  refs/heads/master
  

• name-rev

  $ git name-rev --name-only HEAD
  remotes/origin/master
  

• describe

  $ git describe --contains --all HEAD
  master
  

get previous branch

get previous branch name

$ git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name @{-1}
refs/heads/sandbox/marslo/291

or

$ git describe --all $(git rev-parse @{-1})
heads/sandbox/marslo/291

checkout to previous branch

$ git checkout -

• or

  $ git checkout @{-1}
  

quick diff with previous branch

$ git diff ..@{-1}

# or
$ git diff @..@{-1}

# or
$ git diff HEAD..@{-1}

quick push to current branch

$ git push origin @

# or
$ git push origin HEAD

remove warning: CRLF will be replaced by LF in xxx file for .gitattributes

$ git add --all -u --renormalize .

• or ignore the warning

  $ git config --global core.safecrlf false
  

create multiple commits

$ for c in {0..10}; do
    echo "$c" >> squash.txt
    git add squash.txt
    git commit -m "add '${c}' to squash.txt"
done

revision

the first revision

$ git rev-list --max-parents=0 HEAD

git path

get absolute root path

$ git rev-parse --show-toplevel

get relative root path

$ git rev-parse --show-cdup

get absolute root path inside submodules

$ git rev-parse --show-superproject-working-tree

get .git path

$ git rev-parse --git-dir

inside the work tree or not

$ git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree

.gitattributes

Refreshing the repository after committing .gitattributes

reference:

• Please Add .gitattributes To Your Git Repository
• Git tip: Add a .gitattributes file to deal with line endings
• gitattributes - Defining attributes per path
• Force LF eol in git repo and working copy

$ rm -rf .git/index
# or
$ git rm --cached -r .
# or
$ git ls-files -z | xargs -0 rm

$ git reset --hard

or

$ echo "* text=auto" >.gitattributes
$ git add --renormalize .
$ git status        # Show files that will be normalized
$ git commit -m "Introduce end-of-line normalization"

format

reference Be a Git ninja: the .gitattributes file

$ cat .gitattributes
*             text=auto
*.sh          eol=lf
path/to/file  eol=lf

who-am-i

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• Can I hold git credentials in environment variables?
• git-tool credential

# show default credential
$ echo -e 'protocol=https\nhost=github.com' | git credential fill
protocol=https
host=github.com
username=marslo
password=gho_jzuA**************************1VRqXz

# show another credential with specific subpath
$ echo -e 'protocol=https\nhost=github.com/<account>' | git credential fill
protocol=https
host=github.com/<account>
username=marslojiao-mvl
password=ghp_ppHq*************************g1PXSvr

• reject the cached

  $ echo -e 'protocol=https\nhost=github.com' | git credential reject
  

find bug with bisect

$ git bisect start
$ git bisect bad                 # current commit is bad
$ git bisect good <commit-hash>  # a known good commit

view file at specific commit

$ git show <commit-hash>:path/to/file

edit .gitignore after committing

$ echo "node_modules/" >> .gitignore
$ git rm -r --cached node_modules/
$ git commit -m "Update .gitignore"

check file in which branch

$ path='path/to/file.txt'

# with detail info
$ while read -r branch; do
    foundit=$(git ls-tree -r "${branch}" "${path}");
    [[ -n "${foundit:-}" ]] && echo -e ">> ${branch} <<\n${foundit}\n";
  done< <(git branch --no-color -r)

# with rev-parse
$ while read -r branch; do
    git rev-parse --verify -q "${branch}":"${path}" && echo -e "\n>> ${branch} <<"
  done< <(git branch --no-color -r)

# with cat-file
$ while read -r branch; do
    git cat-file -e "${branch}":"${path}" 2>/dev/null && echo -e ">> ${branch} <<"
  done< <(git branch -r --no-color)

# to show lfs files
$ while read -r path; do
    echo -e "\n\n\033[7;37m>> ${path}\033[0m"
    git check-attr -a "${path}"; echo ''

    while read -r branch; do
      foundit=$(git ls-tree -r "${branch}" "${path}");
      if [[ -n "${foundit:-}" ]]; then echo -e "\033[0;32m>> ${branch} <<\n${foundit}\033[0m\n"; fi;
    done< <( git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin --sort=-committerdate --format="%(refname:short)" | grep --color=never -v -E '^origin$' )
  done< <( sed 's:^/::; /^#/d' "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/.gitattributes" | awk '{print $1}' | sort -u )

check blob hash in which branch

[!NOTE|label:references:] hash getting older: Branch (Ref) -> Commit -> Tree -> Blob (file content) scripts:

• git-file-size
• git-blob-fd

# find the largest files in the repo
$ git rev-list --objects --all |
  git cat-file --batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(objectsize) %(rest)' |
  awk '{printf "%s\t%.2f MB\t%s\n", $1, $3/1024/1024, $4}' |
  sort -rn -k 2 |
  head -5
6e73f2d4dcfb223fe300c324f0f8ce90277a7397  405.65 MB   path/to/largefile.bin

# check which branch contains the blob
$ while read commit_hash; do
    git for-each-ref --contains "${commit_hash}";
  done< <(git log --all --find-object=6e73f2d4dcfb223fe300c324f0f8ce90277a7397 --pretty=format:"%H")
5c70ecd90f3c9329a9f2ac035ed2ff8d979414f1 commit refs/heads/sandbox/temp
08581b446ca928790c7c0f5b0829fe8253071c6c commit refs/heads/sandbox/emulator-20200713
5c70ecd90f3c9329a9f2ac035ed2ff8d979414f1 commit refs/heads/sandbox/temp
37cdb8df0df82db41056d8808bf4b1c0c01ebfa6 tag  refs/tags/sandbox/octeontx2-20200422
4c36260dd076c5e45f29c211f674891daa7a36d7 tag  refs/tags/sandbox/temp-next-20200409-98xx-networking
c8d82b97f17abe97d5054cb61ff6d82c43d56e10 commit refs/heads/sandbox/temp-next-ww09
2c077958364bae76d84f11ea6288d0c7b203d399 commit refs/tags/sandbox/ww09-firmware-booting-20200319
1e5a883c252c239812b47172306c96d9eda57d02 commit refs/heads/sandbox/temp-SDK-10.3.0.0-ED1007
26b6604cfd80df7809509695300dba3042d323e2 commit refs/heads/sandbox/temp-next-new

trailers

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• git interpret-trailers
• git log
• git commit
• Git Trailers
• mmcclimon/git-slog.pl
• What is the Sign Off feature in Git for?
• Git magic keywords in commit messages (Signed-off-by, Co-authored-by, Fixes, ...)

git config

[!TIP|label:tips:]

• if trailer.sign.command is not set, the default value is git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
• if trailer.sign.key set as "Signed-off-by: ", it will impacted the git log --format=%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by:,valueonly,separator=%x2C)

$ git config --global trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by"
$ git config --global trailer.sign.ifmissing add
$ git config --global trailer.sign.ifexists doNothing
$ git config --global trailer.sign.command "echo \"$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>\""

# or
$ cat ~/.gitconfig
[trailer "sign"]
  key               = Signed-off-by
  ifmissing         = add
  ifexists          = doNothing
  command           = echo \"$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>\"

generate trailers

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• Git sign off previous commits?

$ git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT | sed -n 's/^\(.*>\).*$/Signed-off-by: \1/p'

## commit-msg.sample

# Uncomment the below to add a Signed-off-by line to the message.
# Doing this in a hook is a bad idea in general, but the prepare-commit-msg
# hook is more suited to it.
#
# SOB=$(git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT | sed -n 's/^\(.*>\).*$/Signed-off-by: \1/p')
# grep -qs "^$SOB" "$1" || echo "$SOB" >> "$1"

# This example catches duplicate Signed-off-by lines.
test "" = "$(grep '^Signed-off-by: ' "$1" |
         sort | uniq -c | sed -e '/^[   ]*1[    ]/d')" || {
        echo >&2 Duplicate Signed-off-by lines.
        exit 1
}

• by template

  $ cat ~/.git-template
  Signed-off-by: Your Name <your.email@example.com>
  
  $ git config commit.template ~/.git-template
  

commit

$ git commit --signoff
# or
$ git commit -s

• with control

  declare signed="$(git log -n1 --format='%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by,valueonly,separator=%x2C)' | command grep -q "$(git config user.email)"; echo $?)";
  if [ 0 -eq ${signed} ]; then
    OPT='commit --amend --allow-empty';
  else
    OPT='commit --signoff --amend --allow-empty';
  fi;
  

• i.e.:

  [alias]
  ### [c]omit [a]dd [a]all
  caa         = "!f() { \
                        git add --all; \
                        declare signed=\"$(git log -n1 --format='%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by,valueonly,separator=%x2C)' | command grep -q \"$(git config user.email)\"; echo $?)\"; \
                        if [ 0 -eq ${signed} ]; then \
                          git commit --amend --no-edit --allow-empty;\
                        else \
                          git commit --signoff --amend --no-edit --allow-empty;\
                        fi; \
                      }; f \
  

show trailers

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• Git - Detect if commit is signed off
• Git: How to list specific trailers (footers) in git-log format?

$ git log -n1 --format='%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by:,valueonly,separator=%x2C)'
marslo <marslo.jiao@gmail.com>

$ git log -n1 --format='%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by:,keyonly,separator=%x2C)'
Signed-off-by

# or
$ git log -n1 --format=%B | git interpret-trailers --parse
Signed-off-by: marslo <marslo.jiao@gmail.com>
Change-Id: I3cc1cb4cfaf4300d2e7972eb39a7319e81012c65

# or
$ git log -1 --pretty=format:"%b"
Signed-off-by: marslo <marslo.jiao@gmail.com>
Change-Id: I3cc1cb4cfaf4300d2e7972eb39a7319e81012c65

# or
$ git log --pretty=format:"%b" | command grep -E "^(Signed-off-by|Co-authored-by):"

configure and format

• Signed-off-by:

  $ git config --global trailer.sign.key 'Signed-off-by: '
  $ git log -1 --format="%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by,valueonly,separator=%x2C)"
  
  $ git log -1 --format="%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by: ,valueonly,separator=%x2C)"
  marslo <marslo.jiao@gmail.com>
  

• Signed-off-by

  $ git config --global trailer.sign.key 'Signed-off-by'
  
  $ git log -1 --format="%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by: ,valueonly,separator=%x2C)"
  
  $ git log -1 --format="%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by:,valueonly,separator=%x2C)"
  marslo <marslo.jiao@gmail.com>
  $ git log -1 --format="%(trailers:key=Signed-off-by,valueonly,separator=%x2C)"
  marslo <marslo.jiao@gmail.com>
  

hook

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• git提交待审核代码，报错没有change-id的解决方法
• git add Signed-off-by line using format.signoff not working

• commit-msg for signed-off-by

  commit-message for change-id

  #!/bin/sh
  
  NAME=$(git config user.name)
  EMAIL=$(git config user.email)
  
  if [ -z "$NAME" ]; then
    echo "empty git config user.name"
    exit 1
  fi
  
  if [ -z "$EMAIL" ]; then
    echo "empty git config user.email"
    exit 1
  fi
  
  git interpret-trailers --if-exists doNothing --trailer \
      "Signed-off-by: $NAME <$EMAIL>" \
      --in-place "$1"
  

• commit-msg for change-id

  commit-message for change-id

  #!/bin/sh
  # From Gerrit Code Review 2.6
  #
  # Part of Gerrit Code Review (http://code.google.com/p/gerrit/)
  #
  # Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
  #
  # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  # You may obtain a copy of the License at
  #
  # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  #
  # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  # limitations under the License.
  #
  
  unset GREP_OPTIONS
  
  CHANGE_ID_AFTER="Bug|Issue"
  MSG="$1"
  
  # Check for, and add if missing, a unique Change-Id
  #
  add_ChangeId() {
    clean_message=`sed -e '
    /^diff --git a\/.*/{
    s///
    q
    }
    /^Signed-off-by:/d
    /^#/d
    ' "$MSG" | git stripspace`
    if test -z "$clean_message"; then return; fi
  
    # Does Change-Id: already exist? if so, exit (no change).
    if grep -i '^Change-Id:' "$MSG" >/dev/null; then return; fi
  
    id=`_gen_ChangeId`
    T="$MSG.tmp.$$"
    AWK=awk
    if [ -x /usr/xpg4/bin/awk ]; then
      # Solaris AWK is just too broken
      AWK=/usr/xpg4/bin/awk
    fi
  
    # How this works:
    # - parse the commit message as (textLine+ blankLine*)*
    # - assume textLine+ to be a footer until proven otherwise
    # - exception: the first block is not footer (as it is the title)
    # - read textLine+ into a variable
    # - then count blankLines
    # - once the next textLine appears, print textLine+ blankLine* as these
    # aren't footer
    # - in END, the last textLine+ block is available for footer parsing
    $AWK '
    BEGIN {
    # while we start with the assumption that textLine+
    # is a footer, the first block is not.
    isFooter = 0
    footerComment = 0
    blankLines = 0
    }
  
    # Skip lines starting with "#" without any spaces before it.
    /^#/ { next }
  
    # Skip the line starting with the diff command and everything after it,
    # up to the end of the file, assuming it is only patch data.
    # If more than one line before the diff was empty, strip all but one.
    /^diff --git a/ {
      blankLines = 0
      while (getline) { }
      next
    }
  
    # Count blank lines outside footer comments
    /^$/ && (footerComment == 0) {
      blankLines++
      next
    }
  
    # Catch footer comment
    /^\[[a-zA-Z0-9-]+:/ && (isFooter == 1) {
      footerComment = 1
    }
  
    /]$/ && (footerComment == 1) {
      footerComment = 2
    }
  
    # We have a non-blank line after blank lines. Handle this.
    (blankLines > 0) {
      print lines
      for (i = 0; i < blankLines; i++) {
        print ""
      }
  
      lines = ""
      blankLines = 0
      isFooter = 1
      footerComment = 0
    }
  
    # Detect that the current block is not the footer
    (footerComment == 0) && (!/^\[?[a-zA-Z0-9-]+:/ || /^[a-zA-Z0-9-]+:\/\//) {
      isFooter = 0
    }
  
    {
      # We need this information about the current last comment line
      if (footerComment == 2) {
        footerComment = 0
      }
      if (lines != "") {
        lines = lines "\n";
      }
      lines = lines $0
    }
  
    # Footer handling:
    # If the last block is considered a footer, splice in the Change-Id at the
    # right place.
    # Look for the right place to inject Change-Id by considering
    # CHANGE_ID_AFTER. Keys listed in it (case insensitive) come first,
    # then Change-Id, then everything else (eg. Signed-off-by:).
    #
    # Otherwise just print the last block, a new line and the Change-Id as a
    # block of its own.
    END {
    unprinted = 1
    if (isFooter == 0) {
    print lines "\n"
    lines = ""
    }
    changeIdAfter = "^(" tolower("'"$CHANGE_ID_AFTER"'") "):"
    numlines = split(lines, footer, "\n")
    for (line = 1; line <= numlines; line++) {
    if (unprinted && match(tolower(footer[line]), changeIdAfter) != 1) {
    unprinted = 0
    print "Change-Id: I'"$id"'"
    }
    print footer[line]
    }
    if (unprinted) {
    print "Change-Id: I'"$id"'"
    }
    }' "$MSG" > "$T" && mv "$T" "$MSG" || rm -f "$T"
  }
  
  _gen_ChangeIdInput() {
    echo "tree `git write-tree`"
    if parent=`git rev-parse "HEAD^0" 2>/dev/null`; then
      echo "parent $parent"
    fi
    echo "author `git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT`"
    echo "committer `git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT`"
    echo
    printf '%s' "$clean_message"
  }
  _gen_ChangeId() {
    _gen_ChangeIdInput |
    git hash-object -t commit --stdin
  }
  
  add_ChangeId
  

filter-repo

[!TIP]

• newren/git-filter-repo

  $ brew install git-filter-repo
  

[!NOTE|label:check keywords in repo history:]

• * git summaries

  # show accounts
  $ git shortlog -n -s -e
  
  # find all commits with old email
  $ git log --all --format='%h %D %ad %ae %ce %s' --date=short | grep -Fi '<KEYWORD>'
  $ git log --all --format='%ae%n%ce' | grep -i '<KEYWORD>'
  $ git log --format='%H %ad %cd %ae' --date=iso-strict | grep -i '<KEYWORD>'
  

change commit email

$ cd /path/to/repo

# update email in history
$ GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null git filter-repo --force --commit-callback '
old = b"<OLD@DOMAIN.COM>"
new = b"<NEW@EMAIL.COM>"
if commit.author_email == old:
    commit.author_email = new
if commit.committer_email == old:
    commit.committer_email = new
'

# re-add the origin
$ git remote add origin <remote-url>

$ git push origin --all --force
$ git push origin --tags --force

# or with case-insensitive match
$ GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null git filter-repo --force --commit-callback '
keyword = b"<KEYWORD>"
new = b"<NEW@EMAIL.COM>"
if keyword in commit.author_email.lower():
    commit.author_email = new
if keyword in commit.committer_email.lower():
    commit.committer_email = new
'

# or with message repalace
$ GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null git filter-repo --force --commit-callback '
keyword = b"<KEYWORD>"
mail = b"<NEW@EMAIL>COM"

if keyword in commit.author_email.lower():
    commit.author_email = mail
if keyword in commit.committer_email.lower():
    commit.committer_email = mail
' \
  --message-callback '
mail = b"<NEW@EMAIL.COM>"
msg = message.replace(b"<old@domain.com>", mail)
msg = msg.replace(b"<OLD@DOMAMIN.COM>", mail)
return msg
'

seperate folder into new repo

1. create new repo

   # extract folder-1 and its history
   $ GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null \
    git filter-repo --force --subdirectory-filter folder-1/
   
   # extract multiple folders
   $ GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null \
    git filter-repo --force --path folder-1/ --path folder-2/ --path secret.key
   
   # extract multiple folders and merge into single folder
   # make sure no file name conflict between the folders
   $ GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null \
    git filter-repo \
      --path folder-1/ --path folder-2/ \
      --path-rename folder-1/: \
      --path-rename folder-2/:
   

2. clean in old repo

   $ GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null \
    git filter-repo --path folder-1/ --path folder-2/ --path secret.key --invert-paths
   
   # -- with glob pattern --
   $ GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null \
    git filter-repo --path-glob 'temp-*/' --path-glob 'logs/*.log' --invert-paths
   
   # -- with config file --
   $ cat to-delete.txt
   folder-1/
   folder-2/
   config/passwords.json
   internal/test-data/
   $ GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM=/dev/null \
    git filter-repo --paths-from-file to-delete.txt --invert-paths
   

rewrite the commit history

# `ISSUE-xxx: xxxx` -> `[LEGACY] ISSUE-xxx: xxxx`
$ git filter-repo --message-callback '
  if not message.startswith(b"ISSUE-"):
      return b"[LEGACY] " + message
  return message
'

replace sensitive words in all files

# `my_secret_password` -> `***REDACTED***` in all files and commit messages
$ cat expressions.txt
regex:my_secret_password==>***REDACTED***
$ git filter-repo --replace-text expressions.txt

# "password" -> "******" in all files and commit messages
$ git filter-repo --replace-text <( echo "password==>******" )

# or with config file
$ cat replace.txt
password==>******
secret==>
$ git filter-repo --replace-text replace.txt

cleanup repo

# cleanup the repo by removing blobs bigger than 50MB
$ git filter-repo --strip-blobs-bigger-than 50M

others

case-sensitive repo in osx

$ hdiutil create -type SPARSE \
          -fs "Case-sensitive APFS" \
          -size 10g  \
          -volname casesensitive \
          /tmp/casesensitive.dmg

$ hdiutil attach ~/casesensitive.dmg.sparseimage

# clone
$ git clone https://github.com/<OWNER>/<REPO>.git /Volumes/casesensitive/<REPO>

show git alias

$ git --list-cmds=alias

# or
$ git config --get-regexp '^alias\.'

disk size

# reachable objects
$ git rev-list --disk-usage --objects --all

# plus reflogs
$ git rev-list --disk-usage --objects --all --reflog

# total disk size used
$ du -c .git/objects/pack/*.pack .git/objects/??/*
# alternative to du: add up "size" and "size-pack" fields
$ git count-objects -v

# report the disk size of each branch
$ git for-each-ref --format='%(refname)' |
  while read branch; do
    size=$(git rev-list --disk-usage --objects HEAD..$branch)
    echo "$size $branch"
  done |
  sort -n

# compare the on-disk size of branches in one group of refs, excluding another
$ git rev-list --disk-usage --objects --remotes=$suspect --not --remotes=origin

how is git commit sha1 formed

[!NOTE|label:references:]

• How is the Git hash calculated?